{"id":5974,"date":"2025-10-26T01:55:49","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T22:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/?p=5974"},"modified":"2025-10-26T01:55:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T22:55:50","slug":"amerikada-gocmenlerin-yasal-haklari-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/amerikada-gocmenlerin-yasal-haklari-nelerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"Amerika’da G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Yasal Haklar\u0131 Nelerdir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, her y\u0131l ortalama 700.000 ki\u015fiye g\u00f6\u00e7men vizesi<\/strong> vermektedir. Bu ki\u015filer, s\u00fcresiz oturum hakk\u0131 elde ederek Amerika\u2019da yasal bi\u00e7imde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. G\u00f6\u00e7menler ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir; ancak hukuken kal\u0131c\u0131 ikamet hakk\u0131na sahiptirler. Bu da onlar\u0131 hem haklar<\/strong> hem de y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler<\/strong> bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fcye yerle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Marsan Akguc Law<\/strong> ekibi olarak ABD\u2019deki g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin sahip oldu\u011fu temel haklar\u0131, Green Card sahiplerinin avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 vize stat\u00fclerindeki ki\u015filerin yasal konumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Sahip Oldu\u011fu Temel Haklar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Amerika\u2019da yasal olarak bulunan herkes, vatanda\u015f olsun ya da olmas\u0131n, ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sundu\u011fu baz\u0131 temel g\u00fcvencelere sahiptir. Bu haklar, \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7men\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle ya\u015fayan ki\u015fileri de kapsar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Yasal S\u00fcre\u00e7 Hakk\u0131 (Due Process)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ABD Anayasas\u0131, herkesin adil yarg\u0131lanma ve hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden e\u015fit \u015fekilde yararlanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 korur.
Bir g\u00f6\u00e7men s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmek istendi\u011finde bile, genellikle bir g\u00f6\u00e7menlik hakimi \u00f6n\u00fcnde duru\u015fma<\/strong> hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7men Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Koruma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1964 tarihli Medeni Haklar Yasas\u0131 (Civil Rights Act) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok federal yasa,
\u0131rk, renk, ulusal k\u00f6ken, din, cinsiyet veya engellilik temelli ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklar.
Bu korumalar, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak herkese uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menler \u0130\u00e7in Adil \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcm ki\u015filer, Adil \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Standartlar\u0131 Yasas\u0131 (FLSA)<\/strong> ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131 (OSHA)<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda korunur.
Bu yasalar; asgari \u00fccret, fazla mesai \u00f6demesi ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin <\/strong><\/strong>Sessiz Kalma Hakk\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Be\u015finci Maddesi, ki\u015filere kendilerini su\u00e7layabilecek sorulara cevap vermeme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131r.
G\u00f6\u00e7menler, polis veya g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sessiz kalma hakk\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> kullanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Avukat Tutma Hakk\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menler, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik davalar\u0131nda bir avukatla temsil edilme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.
Devlet avukat atamaz; ancak bireyler kendi avukatlar\u0131n\u0131 tutabilir veya \u00fccretsiz hukuki yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan destek alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Green Card Sahiplerinin Haklar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Green Card sahipleri, ABD\u2019de s\u00fcresiz ikamet ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na sahip olan yabanc\u0131lard\u0131r.
Bu stat\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir\u00e7ok sosyal ve ekonomik avantaj sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Haklar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Green Card sahipleri, istedikleri i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir veya kendi i\u015flerini kurabilirler.
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma haklar\u0131, ABD vatanda\u015flar\u0131yla ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenler bu ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyal Haklar ve Yard\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yeterli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresine ula\u015fan Green Card sahipleri;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik (Social Security),<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Emeklilik,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Engellilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Medicare sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131(Green Card sahipleri, genellikle 40 \u00e7eyrek yani 10 y\u0131l prim \u00f6demi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r)
    gibi haklardan yararlanabilirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli bireyler belirli bekleme s\u00fcresinden(kural olarak 5 y\u0131l, m\u00fclteciler, \u00e7ocuklar vb. istisnalar mevcut) sonra SNAP (g\u0131da yard\u0131m\u0131)<\/strong> veya SSI (ek gelir deste\u011fi)<\/strong> gibi federal programlara eri\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    E\u011fitim Haklar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Green Card sahiplerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 devlet okullar\u0131nda Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131yla e\u015fit haklara sahiptir.
    Ayr\u0131ca, eyalet \u00fcniversitelerinde \u201cyerel \u00f6\u011frenci\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fc alarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli e\u011fitim imkanlar\u0131ndan yararlanabilirler.
    Federal \u00f6\u011frenci yard\u0131mlar\u0131na (FAFSA) da ba\u015fvurabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Seyahat Haklar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Green Card sahipleri ABD\u2019ye diledikleri zaman giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapabilir.
    Ancak 6 aydan uzun s\u00fcre yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmak, \u201ckal\u0131c\u0131 ikamet niyeti\u201d konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe yaratabilir.
    1 y\u0131ldan fazla kalacaklarsa, \u00f6nceden \u201cre-entry permit\u201d (geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f izni) almalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa Ge\u00e7i\u015f Hakk\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Green Card sahipleri, 5 y\u0131l (ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131 e\u015fi olanlar i\u00e7in 3 y\u0131l) kesintisiz ikamet sonras\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Stat\u00fcn\u00fcn Kaybedilme Riskleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre kalmak, ciddi su\u00e7lara kar\u0131\u015fmak veya sahte beyan vermek, Green Card\u2019\u0131n iptaline yol a\u00e7abilir.
    Bu nedenle, seyahat planlar\u0131 veya cezai s\u00fcre\u00e7ler \u00f6ncesinde mutlaka g\u00f6\u00e7menlik avukat\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ge\u00e7ici \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Vizeleri Sahiplerinin Haklar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    ABD\u2019de ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7menler, sahip olduklar\u0131 vize t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re belirli haklara sahiptir.
    En yayg\u0131n vizeler: H-1B<\/strong>, L-1<\/strong> ve O-1<\/strong>\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H-1B Vizesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Nitelikli profesyoneller i\u00e7in verilen bu vize, belirli bir i\u015fveren alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131r.
    \u0130lk etapta 3 y\u0131l ge\u00e7erlidir, 6 y\u0131la kadar uzat\u0131labilir.
    H-1B sahipleri, ABD\u2019de vergi \u00f6der ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine katk\u0131da bulunur.
    Ayr\u0131ca \u201cdual intent\u201d (\u00e7ifte niyet) \u00f6zelli\u011fi sayesinde, Amerika\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Green Card ba\u015fvurusu yapabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L-1 Vizesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin y\u00f6neticileri veya uzman personeli i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Yaln\u0131zca transferi yapan \u015firket b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 verir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • L-1A y\u00f6neticiler i\u00e7in 7 y\u0131l, L-1B uzmanlar i\u00e7in 5 y\u0131l ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • E\u015fler (L-2) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alabilir. Bu vize de \u00e7ifte niyetlidir ve Green Card\u2019a ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci k\u0131sad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      O-1 Vizesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Bilim, sanat, spor veya i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetenek sahibi ki\u015filere verilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 3 y\u0131l ge\u00e7erlidir, projeler s\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e uzat\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • E\u015fler ve \u00e7ocuklar (O-3) ABD\u2019ye gelebilir; ancak yaln\u0131zca O-1 sahibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6\u011frencilerin ve Ziyaret\u00e7ilerin Haklar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        F-1 \/ J-1 \u00d6\u011frenci Vizeleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Bu vizelerle gelen \u00f6\u011frenciler; e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda tam zamanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rebilir, kamp\u00fcs i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • \u0130zin al\u0131nmadan kamp\u00fcs d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yasakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0130hlaller, vize stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn iptaline yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          B-1 \/ B-2 Vizeleri (\u0130\u015f Ziyareti & Turizm)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Bu vizeler k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ziyaret i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • B-1:<\/strong> Toplant\u0131, fuar veya i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • B-2:<\/strong> Turizm, aile ziyareti veya sa\u011fl\u0131k ama\u00e7l\u0131 seyahatler i\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Bu stat\u00fclerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kesinlikle yasakt\u0131r.
            Ki\u015filer \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 yapt\u0131rmal\u0131, kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrelerini a\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Hak \u0130hlalleri ve Profesyonel Destek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            G\u00f6\u00e7men stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip ki\u015filer, zaman zaman i\u015fveren, kirac\u0131 veya devlet kurumlar\u0131yla ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarda haklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmedikleri i\u00e7in ma\u011fdur olabilirler.
            ABD hukuk sistemi, g\u00f6\u00e7menleri de korur; ancak hangi yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evede nas\u0131l hareket edilmesi gerekti\u011fini<\/strong> bilmek kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Hak ihlaliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7menler;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Haks\u0131z yere i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • G\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcs\u00fcne dair belirsizlik ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mutlaka profesyonel bir g\u00f6\u00e7menlik avukat\u0131na ba\u015fvurmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Bilmek, Stat\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc Korumakt\u0131r<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              ABD\u2019de g\u00f6\u00e7men olarak ya\u015famak; b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131rsatlarla birlikte ciddi yasal sorumluluklar da getirir.
              Haklar\u0131n\u0131 bilen ve gerekti\u011finde profesyonel destek alan bireyler, Amerika\u2019daki hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenli ve istikrarl\u0131 bir temele oturturlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              E\u011fer siz de g\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcn\u00fcz, haklar\u0131n\u0131z veya daimi oturum konular\u0131nda hukuki rehberli\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorsan\u0131z,
              Marsan Akguc Law<\/strong> ekibi olarak size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktan memnuniyet duyar\u0131z.
              info@marsanakguclaw.com<\/strong> adresine e-posta g\u00f6ndererek detayl\u0131 bilgi ve de\u011ferlendirme talep edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, her y\u0131l ortalama 700.000 ki\u015fiye g\u00f6\u00e7men vizesi vermektedir. Bu ki\u015filer, s\u00fcresiz oturum hakk\u0131 elde ederek Amerika\u2019da yasal bi\u00e7imde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flar. G\u00f6\u00e7menler ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir; ancak hukuken kal\u0131c\u0131 ikamet hakk\u0131na sahiptirler. Bu da onlar\u0131 hem haklar hem de y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fcye yerle\u015ftirir. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Marsan Akguc Law ekibi olarak ABD\u2019deki g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yayinlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5976,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5974\/revisions\/5976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marsanakguclaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}